The selected 18studies were reviewed in full by the author. This resulted in a total sample of 18 studies. A total of 320 articles we re selected for full-t ext review, but 302 records exclude d for being more than 20 years exce pt for one paper that had met all criteria which was. 470 articles existed in one or more research area, however, 150 records were excluded for only existing in one r esearch area which was not going to be efficient for reviewing from a sam ple research area. Of these, 620 were excluded because f or not using R pr ogramming in their research work. Abstracts of 1090 articles were read by the author to perform an initial screening of eligibility for this scoping review. The range for publication year of relevant articles was found to be between 2022-2018.A total of 10 articles were duplicates. The search strategies using a combination of search terms identified 2300 articles that included a search term from the category in their abstract or title. The search terms included variations in the term for the following: The search period for relevant research was conducted in September 2022. Goggle scholar was also used as a source of data collection. Finall y, t he database that index b oth fields, includin g Web of S cience, were searched. A literatu re search was conducted using the informati on techn ology databases IEEE Xplore and t he ACM Di gital Lib rary were s earched. As R pr ogramming and Botswana fall u nder different themes, the search was conducted in only infor mation technolog y databases to access research done in Botswana that have used R programming. The search strategy was adapted from and who followed t he PRISMA methodol ogy. PRISMA was chosen because it is the recognized standard for reporti ng evidence in systematic reviews and meta-ana lyses a nd the standar ds are endorsed by organizations and journals. The paper followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses)for reporting in a systematic review. Finally, the paper summarizes the extant research and the implications for future work. Next, the paper conducts a synthesis of the literat ure, describing both the R programming and research in Botswana of each articl e. First, the paper outlines the search strategies used to find relevant literature. It would also highli ght the challeng es of using R programming in Botswana, as well as identify gaps in the data science field and potential opportu nities for further research. Such a r eview would equip b oth data scientists and practit ioners in the methods and applicat ions of R progra mming in Botswana. Previous reviews have demonstra ted Python programming to be robust and scalable for data analysis, but no review has comprehensively mapped R programming applicati ons wit hin t he cont ext of research in Botswana. The review also captures how r esearch used R programming capa bilities i n their dat a analysis work. This review paper aims to provide a concise snapshot of the research to date investigat ing research in Botswana that has used R programming f or their data analys is.
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